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QUESTION NO:2
A branch router is configured with an egress QoS policy that was designed for a total number of
10 concurrent VOIP calls.
Due to expansion, 15 VOIP calls are now running over the link, but after the 14th call was
established, all calls were affected and the voice quality was dramatically degraded.
Assuming that there is enough bandwidth on the link for all of this traffic, which part of the QoS
configuration should be updated due to the new traffic profile?
A. Increase the shaping rate for the priority queue. B.
Remove the policer applied on the priority queue. C.
Remove the shaper applied on the priority queue. D.
Increase the policing rate for the priority queue.
Answer: D
Explanation:
QUESTION NO:4
Refer to the exhibit.
R1 has an EBGP session to ISP 1 and an EBGP session to ISP 2. R1 receives the same prefixes
through both links.
Which configuration should be applied so that the link between R1 and ISP 2 will be preferred for
outgoing traffic (R1 to ISP 2)?
A. Increase local preference on R1 for received routes
B. Decrease local preference on R1 for received routes
C. Increase MED on ISP 2 for received routes
D. Decrease MED on ISP 2 for received routes
Answer: A
Explanation: Explanation
Local preference is an indication to the AS about which path has preference to exit the AS in order
to reach a certain network. A path with higher local preference is preferred more. The default value
of preference is 100.
Reference
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk872/technologies_configuration_example09186a0080b82d1f.s
html?
referring_site=smartnavRD
QUESTION NO:5
Refer to the exhibit.
A small enterprise connects its office to two ISPs, using separate T1 links. A static route is used
for the default route, pointing to both interfaces with a different administrative distance, so that one
of the default routes is preferred.
Recently the primary link has been upgraded to a new 10 Mb/s Ethernet link.
After a few weeks, they experienced a failure. The link did not pass traffic, but the primary static
route remained active. They lost their Internet connectivity, even though the backup link was
operating.
Which two possible solutions can be implemented to avoid this situation in the future? (Choose
two.)
A. Implement HSRP link tracking on the branch router R1.
B. Use a track object with an IP SLA probe for the static route on R1.
C. Track the link state of the Ethernet link using a track object on R1.
D. Use a routing protocol between R1 and the upstream ISP.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
Interface Tracking
Interface tracking allows you to specify another interface on the router for the HSRP process to
monitor in order to alter the HSRP priority for a given group.
If the specified interface’s line protocol goes down, the HSRP priority of this router is reduced,
allowing another HSRP router with higher priority can become active (if it has preemption
enabled).
To configure HSRP interface tracking, use the standby [group] track interface [priority] command.
When multiple tracked interfaces are down, the priority is reduced by a cumulative amount. If you
explicitly set the decrement value, then the value is decreased by that amount if that interface is
down, and decrements are cumulative. If you do not set an explicit decrement value, then the
value is decreased by 10 for each interface that goes down, and decrements are cumulative.
The following example uses the following configuration, with the default decrement value of 10.
Note: When an HSRP group number is not specified, the default group number is group 0.
interface ethernet0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
standby ip 10.1.1.3
standby priority 110
standby track serial0
standby track serial1
The HSRP behavior with this configuration is:
0 interfaces down = no decrease (priority is 110)
1 interface down = decrease by 10 (priority becomes100)
2 interfaces down = decrease by 10 (priority becomes 90)
Reference
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk648/tk362/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094a91.shtml#i
ntracking
QUESTION NO:6
Why would a rogue host that is running a DHCP server on a campus LAN network present a
security risk?
A. It may allocate IP addresses from an unknown subnet to the users.
B. All multicast traffic can be sniffed by using the DHCP multicast capabilities.
C. The CPU utilization of the first hop router can be overloaded by exploiting DHCP relay open
ports.
D. A potential man-in-the-middle attack can be used against the clients.
Answer: D
Explanation:
QUESTION NO:8
Which statement is true about loop guard?
A. Loop guard only operates on interfaces that are considered point-to-point by the spanning tree.
B. Loop guard only operates on root ports.
C. Loop guard only operates on designated ports.
D. Loop guard only operates on edge ports.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Understanding How Loop Guard Works
Unidirectional link failures may cause a root port or alternate port to become designated as root if
BPDUs are absent. Some software failures may introduce temporary loops in the network. Loop
guard checks if a root port or an alternate root port receives BPDUs. If the port is receiving
BPDUs, loop guard puts the port into an inconsistent state until it starts receiving BPDUs again.
Loop guard isolates the failure and lets spanning tree converge to a stable topology without the
failed link or bridge.
You can enable loop guard per port with the set spantree guard loop command.
Note When you are in MST mode, you can set all the ports on a switch with the set spantree
global-defaults loop-guard command.
When you enable loop guard, it is automatically applied to all of the active instances or VLANs to
which that port belongs. When you disable loop guard, it is disabled for the specified ports.
Disabling loop guard moves all loop-inconsistent ports to the listening state.
If you enable loop guard on a channel and the first link becomes unidirectional, loop guard blocks
the entire channel until the affected port is removed from the channel. Figure 8-6 shows loop
guard in a triangle switch configuration.
Figure 8-6 Triangle Switch Configuration with Loop Guard
Figure 8-6 illustrates the following configuration:
Switches A and B are distribution switches.
Switch C is an access switch.
Loop guard is enabled on ports 3/1 and 3/2 on Switches A, B, and C.
Use loop guard only in topologies where there are blocked ports. Topologies that have no blocked
ports, which are loop free, do not need to enable this feature. Enabling loop guard on a root switch
has no effect but provides protection when a root switch becomes a nonroot switch.
Follow these guidelines when using loop guard:
Do not enable loop guard on PortFast-enabled or dynamic VLAN ports.
Do not enable PortFast on loop guard-enabled ports.
Do not enable loop guard if root guard is enabled.
Do not enable loop guard on ports that are connected to a shared link.
Note: We recommend that you enable loop guard on root ports and alternate root ports on access
switches.
Loop guard interacts with other features as follows:
Loop guard does not affect the functionality of UplinkFast or BackboneFast.
Root guard forces a port to always be designated as the root port. Loop guard is effective only if
the port is a root port or an alternate port. Do not enable loop guard and root guard on a port at the
same time.
PortFast transitions a port into a forwarding state immediately when a link is established. Because
a PortFast-enabled port will not be a root port or alternate port, loop guard and PortFast cannot be
configured on the same port. Assigning dynamic VLAN membership for the port requires that the
port is PortFast enabled. Do not configure a loop guard-enabled port with dynamic VLAN
membership.
If your network has a type-inconsistent port or a PVID-inconsistent port, all BPDUs are dropped
until the misconfiguration is corrected. The port transitions out of the inconsistent state after the
message age expires. Loop guard ignores the message age expiration on type-inconsistent ports
and PVID-inconsistent ports. If the port is already blocked by loop guard, misconfigured BPDUs
that are received on the port make loop guard recover, but the port is moved into the type-
inconsistent state or PVID-inconsistent state.
In high-availability switch configurations, if a port is put into the blocked state by loop guard, it
remains blocked even after a switchover to the redundant supervisor engine. The newly activated
supervisor engine recovers the port only after receiving a BPDU on that port.
Loop guard uses the ports known to spanning tree. Loop guard can take advantage of logical ports
provided by the Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP). However, to form a channel, all the physical
ports grouped in the channel must have compatible configurations. PAgP enforces uniform
configurations of root guard or loop guard on all the physical ports to form a channel.
These caveats apply to loop guard:
400-101 VCE Dumps400-101 Practice Test400-101 Braindumps
QUESTION NO:9
Which two are effects of connecting a network segment that is running 802.1D to a network
segment that is running 802.1w? (Choose two.)
A. The entire network switches to 802.1D and generates BPDUs to determine root bridge status. B.
A migration delay of three seconds occurs when the port that is connected to the 802.1D bridge
comes up.
C. The entire network reconverges and a unique root bridge for the 802.1D segment, and a root
bridge for the 802.1w segment, is chosen.
D. The first hop 802.1w switch that is connected to the 802.1D runs entirely in 802.1D compatibility
mode and converts the BPDUs to either 802.1D or 802.1w BPDUs to the 802.1D or 802.1w
segments of the network.
E. Classic 802.1D timers, such as forward delay and max-age, will only be used as a backup, and
will not be necessary if point-to-point links and edge ports are properly identified and set by the
administrator.
Answer: B,E
Explanation:
Each port maintains a variable that defines the protocol to run on the corresponding segment. A
migration delay timer of three seconds also starts when the port comes up. When this timer runs,
the current STP or RSTP mode associated to the port is locked. As soon as the migration delay
expires, the port adapts to the mode that corresponds to the next BPDU it receives. If the port
changes its mode of operation as a result of a BPDU received, the migration delay restarts.
802.1D works by the concept that the protocol had to wait for the network to converge before it
transitioned a port into the forwarding state. With Rapid Spanning Tree it does not have to rely on
any timers, the only variables that that it relies on is edge ports and link types.
Any uplink port that has an alternate port to the root can be directly placed into the forwarding
state (This is the Rapid convergence that you speak of “restored quickly when RSTP is already in
use?”). This is what happened when you disconnected the primary look; the port that was ALT,
moved to FWD immediately, but the switch also still needs to create a BDU with the TC bit set to
notify the rest of the network that a topology has occurred and all non-edge designated ports will
transition to BLK, LRN, and then FWD to ensure there are no loops in the rest of the network. This
is why if you have a host on a switchport, and you know for a fact that it is only one host, enable
portfast to configure the port as an edgeport so that it does not have to transition to all the STP
states.
Reference
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk389/tk621/technologies_white_paper09186a0080094cfa.shtml
QUESTION NO:18
Refer to the exhibit.
Which statement is correct about the prefix 160.0.0.0/8?
A. The prefix has encountered a routing loop.
B. The prefix is an aggregate with an as-set.
C. The prefix has been aggregated twice, once in AS 100 and once in AS 200.
D. None of these statements is true.
Answer: B
Explanation:
QUESTION NO:19
Which two options does Cisco PfR use to control the entrance link selection with inbound
optimization? (Choose two.)
A. Prepend extra AS hops to the BGP prefix.
B. Advertise more specific BGP prefixes (longer mask).
C. Add (prepend) one or more communities to the prefix that is advertised by BGP.
D. Have BGP dampen the prefix.
Answer: A,C
Explanation: PfR Entrance Link Selection Control Techniques
The PfR BGP inbound optimization feature introduced the ability to influence inbound traffic. A
network advertises reachability of its inside prefixes to the Internet using eBGP advertisements to
its ISPs. If the same prefix is advertised to more than one ISP, then the network is multihoming.
PfR BGP inbound optimization works best with multihomed networks, but it can also be used with
a network that has multiple connections to the same ISP. To implement BGP inbound
optimization, PfR manipulates eBGP advertisements to influence the best entrance selection for
traffic bound for inside prefixes. The benefit of implementing the best entrance selection is limited
to a network that has more than one ISP connection.
To enforce an entrance link selection, PfR offers the following methods:
BGP Autonomous System Number Prepend When an entrance link goes out-of-policy (OOP) due
to delay, or in images prior to Cisco IOS Releases 15.2(1) T1 and 15.1(2)S, and PfR selects a
best entrance for an inside prefix, extra autonomous system hops are prepended one at a time (up
to a maximum of six) to the inside prefix BGP advertisement over the other entrances. In Cisco
IOS Releases 15.2(1)T1, 15.1(2)S, and later releases, when an entrance link goes out-of policy
(OOP) due to unreachable or loss reasons, and PfR selects a best entrance for an inside prefix,
six extra autonomous system hops are prepended immediately to the inside prefix BGP
advertisement over the other entrances. The extra autonomous system hops on the other
entrances increase the probability that the best entrance will be used for the inside prefix. When
the entrance link is OOP due to unreachable or loss reasons, six extra autonomous system hops
are added immediately to allow the software to quickly move the traffic away from the old entrance
link. This is the default method PfR uses to control an inside prefix, and no user configuration is
required.
BGP Autonomous System Number Community Prepend
When an entrance link goes out-of-policy (OOP) due to delay, or in images prior to Cisco IOS
Releases 15.2
(1)T1 and 15.1(2)S, and PfR selects a best entrance for an inside prefix, a BGP prepend
community is attached one at a time (up to a maximum of six) to the inside prefix BGP
advertisement from the network to another autonomous system such as an ISP. In Cisco IOS
Releases 15.2(1)T1, 15.1(2)S, and later releases, when an entrance link goes out-of-policy (OOP)
due to unreachable or loss reasons, and PfR selects a best entrance for an inside prefix, six BGP
prepend communities are attached to the inside prefix BGP advertisement. The BGP prepend
community will increase the number of autonomous system hops in the advertisement of the
inside prefix from the ISP to its peers. Autonomous system prepend BGP community is the
preferred method to be used for PfR BGP inbound optimization because there is no risk of the
local ISP filtering the extra autonomous system hops. There are some issues, for example, not all
ISPs support the BGP prepend community, ISP policies may ignore or modify the autonomous
system hops, and a transit ISP may filter the autonomous system path. If you use this method of
inbound optimization and a change is made to an autonomous system, you must issue an
outbound reconfiguration using the “clear ip bgp” command.
Reference
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios-xml/ios/pfr/configuration/15-2s/pfr-bgp-inbound.html#GUID-
F8A59E241D59-
4924-827D-B23B43D9A8E0
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps8787/products_ios_protocol_option_home.html
QUESTION NO:20
Refer to the exhibit.
What is the potential issue with this configuration?
A. There is no potential issue; OSPF will work fine in any condition.
B. Sub-optimal routing may occur since there is no area 1 adjacency between the ABRs.
C. This is a wrong OSPF configuration because all routers must be in area 0 only.
D. This is a wrong OSPF configuration because /30 requires 0.0.0.3 wild card.
Answer: B
Explanation:
QUESTION NO:22
Refer to the exhibit.
Which path is selected as best path?
A. path 1, because it is learned from IGP B.
path 1, because the metric is the lowest C.
path 2, because it is external
D. path 2, because it has the higher router ID
Answer: B
Explanation:
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