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QUESTION NO:5
Refer to the exhibit.
A small enterprise connects its office to two ISPs, using separate T1 links. A static route is used
for the default route, pointing to both interfaces with a different administrative distance, so that one
of the default routes is preferred.
Recently the primary link has been upgraded to a new 10 Mb/s Ethernet link.
After a few weeks, they experienced a failure. The link did not pass traffic, but the primary static
route remained active. They lost their Internet connectivity, even though the backup link was
operating.
Which two possible solutions can be implemented to avoid this situation in the future? (Choose
two.)
A. Implement HSRP link tracking on the branch router R1.
B. Use a track object with an IP SLA probe for the static route on R1.
C. Track the link state of the Ethernet link using a track object on R1.
D. Use a routing protocol between R1 and the upstream ISP.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
Interface Tracking
Interface tracking allows you to specify another interface on the router for the HSRP process to
monitor in order to alter the HSRP priority for a given group.
If the specified interface’s line protocol goes down, the HSRP priority of this router is reduced,
allowing another HSRP router with higher priority can become active (if it has preemption
enabled).
To configure HSRP interface tracking, use the standby [group] track interface [priority] command.
When multiple tracked interfaces are down, the priority is reduced by a cumulative amount. If you
explicitly set the decrement value, then the value is decreased by that amount if that interface is
down, and decrements are cumulative. If you do not set an explicit decrement value, then the
value is decreased by 10 for each interface that goes down, and decrements are cumulative.
The following example uses the following configuration, with the default decrement value of 10.
Note: When an HSRP group number is not specified, the default group number is group 0.
interface ethernet0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
standby ip 10.1.1.3
standby priority 110
standby track serial0
standby track serial1
The HSRP behavior with this configuration is:
0 interfaces down = no decrease (priority is 110)
1 interface down = decrease by 10 (priority becomes100)
2 interfaces down = decrease by 10 (priority becomes 90)
Reference
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk648/tk362/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094a91.shtml#i
ntracking
QUESTION NO:9
Which two are effects of connecting a network segment that is running 802.1D to a network
segment that is running 802.1w? (Choose two.)
A. The entire network switches to 802.1D and generates BPDUs to determine root bridge status. B.
A migration delay of three seconds occurs when the port that is connected to the 802.1D bridge
comes up.
C. The entire network reconverges and a unique root bridge for the 802.1D segment, and a root
bridge for the 802.1w segment, is chosen.
D. The first hop 802.1w switch that is connected to the 802.1D runs entirely in 802.1D compatibility
mode and converts the BPDUs to either 802.1D or 802.1w BPDUs to the 802.1D or 802.1w
segments of the network.
E. Classic 802.1D timers, such as forward delay and max-age, will only be used as a backup, and
will not be necessary if point-to-point links and edge ports are properly identified and set by the
administrator.
Answer: B,E
Explanation:
Each port maintains a variable that defines the protocol to run on the corresponding segment. A
migration delay timer of three seconds also starts when the port comes up. When this timer runs,
the current STP or RSTP mode associated to the port is locked. As soon as the migration delay
expires, the port adapts to the mode that corresponds to the next BPDU it receives. If the port
changes its mode of operation as a result of a BPDU received, the migration delay restarts.
802.1D works by the concept that the protocol had to wait for the network to converge before it
transitioned a port into the forwarding state. With Rapid Spanning Tree it does not have to rely on
any timers, the only variables that that it relies on is edge ports and link types.
Any uplink port that has an alternate port to the root can be directly placed into the forwarding
state (This is the Rapid convergence that you speak of “restored quickly when RSTP is already in
use?”). This is what happened when you disconnected the primary look; the port that was ALT,
moved to FWD immediately, but the switch also still needs to create a BDU with the TC bit set to
notify the rest of the network that a topology has occurred and all non-edge designated ports will
transition to BLK, LRN, and then FWD to ensure there are no loops in the rest of the network. This
is why if you have a host on a switchport, and you know for a fact that it is only one host, enable
portfast to configure the port as an edgeport so that it does not have to transition to all the STP
states.
Reference
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk389/tk621/technologies_white_paper09186a0080094cfa.shtml
QUESTION NO:22
Refer to the exhibit.
Which path is selected as best path?
A. path 1, because it is learned from IGP B.
path 1, because the metric is the lowest C.
path 2, because it is external
D. path 2, because it has the higher router ID
Answer: B
Explanation:
QUESTION NO:29
What is the first thing that happens when IPv6 is enabled on an interface on a host?
A. A router solicitation is sent on that interface.
B. There is a duplicate address detection on the host interface.
C. The link local address is assigned on the host interface.
D. A neighbor redirect message is sent on the host interface.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Duplicate address detection (DAD) is used to verify that an IPv6 home address is unique on the
LAN before assigning the address to a physical interface (for example, QDIO). z/OS
Communications Server responds to other nodes doing DAD for IP addresses assigned to the
interface.
Reference
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/zos/v1r12/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.zos.r12.hale001
/ipv6d0021002145.htm
QUESTION NO:35
Which command will define a VRF with name ‘CCIE’ in IPv6?
A. ip vrf CCIE
B. ipv6 vrf CCIE
C. vrf definition CCIE
D. ipv6 vrf definition CCIE
Answer: C
Explanation:
400-101 VCE Dumps400-101 Exam Questions400-101 Braindumps
QUESTION NO:36
For which routes does LDP advertise a label binding?
A. all routes in the routing table
B. only the IGP and BGP routes in the routing table
C. only the BGP routes in the routing table
D. only the IGP routes in the routing table
Answer: D
Explanation:
QUESTION NO:38
Refer to the exhibit.
This is an MPLS VPN network with OSPF as the PE-CE routing protocol. Which statement is
correct?
A. The routing inside the VPN RED will never work correctly.
B. The routing inside the VPN RED can be enabled by configuring virtual links between the PE
routers.
C. The routing inside the VPN RED can be enabled by configuring area 0 inside the VRF on the
PE routers.
D. The routing inside the VPN RED will work without any special OSPF configuration.
E. The routing inside the VPN RED will work if the PE routers have a full mesh of sham-links
configured for VRF RED.
Answer: D Explanation:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/net_mgmt/vpn_solutions_center/1.1/user/guide/VPN_UG1.html
QUESTION NO:39
Which two statements are correct about Nonstop Forwarding? (Choose two.)
A. It allows the standby RP to take control of the device after a hardware or software fault on the
active RP.
B. It is a Layer 3 function that works with SSO to minimize the amount of time a network is
unavailable to users following a switchover.
C. It is supported by the implementation of EIGRP, OSPF, RIPv2, and BGP protocols.
D. It synchronizes startup configuration, startup variables, and running configuration.
E. The main objective of NSF is to continue forwarding IP packets following a switchover.
F. Layer 2 802.1w or 802.1s must be used, as 802.1d cannot process the Layer 2 changes.
G. Routing protocol tuning parameters must be the same as the NSF parameters, or failover will
be inconsistent.
Answer: B,E
Explanation: Explanation
Cisco Nonstop Forwarding (NSF) works with the Stateful Switchover (SSO) feature in Cisco IOS
software. NSF works with SSO to minimize the amount of time a network is unavailable to its
users following a switchover. The main objective of Cisco NSF is to continue forwarding IP
packets following a Route Processor (RP) switchover.
Reference
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_2s/feature/guide/fsnsf20s.html
QUESTION NO:43
Which two multicast address ranges are assigned as source-specific multicast destination
addresses and are reserved for use by source-specific applications and protocols? (Choose two.)
A. 232.0.0.0/8
B. 239.0.0.0/8
C. 232.0.0.0/4
D. FF3x::/32
E. FF2x::/32
F. FF3x::/16
Answer: A,D
Explanation: Source-specific multicast (SSM) is a method of delivering multicast packets in which
the only packets that are delivered to a receiver are those originating from a specific source
address requested by the receiver. By so limiting the source, SSM reduces demands on the
network and improves security.
SSM requires that the receiver specify the source address and explicitly excludes the use of the (*,
G) join for all multicast groups in RFC 3376, which is possible only in IPv4’s IGMPv3 and IPv6’s
MLDv2.
Source-specific multicast is best understood in contrast to any-source multicast (ASM). In the
ASM service model a receiver expresses interest in traffic to a multicast address. The multicast
network must
1. discover all multicast sources sending to that address, and
2. route data from all sources to all interested receivers.
This behavior is particularly well suited to groupware applications where
1. all participants in the group want to be aware of all other participants, and
2. the list of participants is not known in advance.
The source discovery burden on the network can become significant when the number of sources
is large.
In the SSM service model, in addition to the receiver expressing interest in traffic to a multicast
address, the receiver expresses interest in receiving traffic from only one specific source sending
to that multicast address.
This relieves the network of discovering many multicast sources and reduces the amount of
multicast routing information that the network must maintain.
SSM requires support in last-hop routers and in the receiver’s operating system. SSM support is
not required in other network components, including routers and even the sending host. Interest in
multicast traffic from a specific source is conveyed from hosts to routers using IGMPv3 as
specified in RFC 4607.
SSM destination addresses must be in the ranges 232.0.0.0/8 for IPv4 or FF3x::/96 for IPv6.
Reference
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source-specific_multicast
QUESTION NO:45
Refer to the exhibit.
What does the incoming interface of the above (*, G) entry indicate?
A. the interface closest to the source, according to the unicast routing table
B. the interface where an IGMP join has been received
C. the interface with the highest IP address
D. the last interface to hear a PIM (*, G) join
E. the interface closest to the RP, according to the unicast routing table
Answer: E
Explanation:
Source Trees
A source tree is the simplest form of distribution tree. The source host of the multicast traffic is
located at the root of the tree, and the receivers are located at the ends of the branches. Multicast
traffic travels from the source host down the tree toward the receivers. The forwarding decision on
which interface a multicast packet should be transmitted out is based on the multicast forwarding
table. This table consists of a series of multicast state entries that are cached in the router. State
entries for a source tree use the notation (S, G) pronounced S comma G. The letters represents
the IP address of the source, and G represents the group address.
Shared Trees
Shared trees differ from source trees in that the root of the tree is a common point somewhere in
the network.
This common point is referred to as the rendezvous point (RP). The RP is the point at which
receivers join to learn of active sources. Multicast sources must transmit their traffic to the RP.
When receivers join a multicast group on a shared tree, the root of the tree is always the RP, and
multicast traffic is transmitted from the RP down toward the receivers. Therefore, the RP acts as a
go-between for the sources and receivers. An RP can be the root for all multicast groups in the
network, or different ranges of multicast groups can be associated with different RPs.
Multicast forwarding entries for a shared tree use the notation (*, G), which is pronounced star
comma G. This is because all sources for a particular group share the same tree. (The multicast
groups go to the same RP.)
Therefore, the * or wildcard represents all sources.
Additional Information from Microsoft
Multicast traffic from source 162.10.4.1 (for example) uses the RPT, meaning the source sends it
to the RP rather than to the multicast group (the router would denote this by having a (*, G) entry
rather than a (S, G) entry). Before sending this traffic, Router 1 checks its unicast routing table to
see if packets from the RP are arriving on the correct interface. In this case they are, because they
arrive on interface I1, and the packets are forwarded.
Reference
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb742462.aspx
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